Turquoise tanager

Tangara mexicana

Order: Passeriformes

Family: Thraupidae

Genus: Tangara

The Turquoise tanager is a medium-sized, vibrantly coloured songbird with deep blue and turquoise plumage, contrasted by black markings on the wings, tail, and face, and pale yellow underparts in most populations. Adults are typically 13 to 15 centimetres in length and weigh about 18 to 24 grams.

This species is highly active and social, often seen foraging in small, vocal flocks in the forest canopy or mid-levels. Its iridescent feathers and fast, darting flight make it a striking presence in its native rainforest habitat.

There are several recognized subspecies with slight variations in colouring, particularly in the brightness and distribution of the yellow underparts.

Conservation Status: IUCN

Distribution

Widespread across Amazonia and the Orinoco River basin, including much of Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Ecuador, and the Guianas. Its range does not extend into Mexico despite the species name.

Habitat

Inhabits humid tropical and subtropical forests, including lowland rainforest, gallery forests, secondary growth, and forest edges. Most active in the canopy and mid-storey, though occasionally seen in clearings or fruiting trees near human habitation.

Diet

Omnivorous. Feeds on a mix of fruits, berries, seeds, and insects. Like many tanagers, it plays a role in seed dispersal and helps control insect populations. Forages by hopping through branches and foliage, often in mixed-species flocks.

Reproduction

Breeds during the wet season. The female constructs a cup-shaped nest in dense foliage, usually placed several metres off the ground. She lays 2 to 3 eggs, which she incubates for about 12 to 14 days. Chicks fledge approximately 2 weeks after hatching.

The species is believed to be socially monogamous, and both parents may help feed the young.

Adaptation

Bright plumage may aid in species recognition within flocks
Vocal communication helps coordinate group movement and feeding
Mixed diet of fruit and insects supports flexibility in seasonal environments
Agile flight and strong legs make it a nimble forager among dense branches

Threats to Survival

Deforestation in parts of its range, especially for agriculture and logging
Fragmentation of forest may limit movement between feeding and breeding areas
Pet trade collection is rare but possible in some regions, although it is not considered a major threat

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