Press Releases

The Eastern Massasauga rattlesnake is a very special animal and an important part of Ontario’s natural heritage.  Unfortunately, there is a lot of misunderstanding surrounding this species and it has often been persecuted. As a result, it has been designated as a Threatened Species and is legally protected in Canada.  It is our hope that people will choose to co-exist with them as they do with other wildlife near their homes and cottages. The continued presence of rattlesnakes is a reflection of the health of our natural habitats that remain in Ontario.

Snake encounters increase during July and August, as more people visit the Georgian Bay and Bruce Peninsula areas where there is a large population of Massasauga rattlesnakes. The warmer temperatures also make it more suitable for snakes to be out and about. The key to co-existence with these snakes is learning a few simple precautions that will virtually eliminate the chances of being bitten. A relatively shy species that tries to avoid people, they rely on their camouflage pattern and will often hide from view to avoid being detected.  They will only strike when they feel threatened.  Many bites occur as a result of people engaging in risky behaviour such as trying to capture the rattlesnake.

How can I avoid snakebite?

• Do not pick up snakes or other wild animals. This is the most common cause of snakebites.
• Stay on the beaten path when walking in rattlesnake habitat. Do not walk in bare feet or sandals and use a flashlight at night when it is difficult to see what is on the path.
• Always wear close toed boots or shoes when hiking or walking. The Massasauga has relatively small teeth that are not likely to penetrate leather-hiking boots or loose clothing.
• Always watch where you put your hands and feet, do not reach into areas where you cannot see.
• If you hear a rattlesnake, stop moving and determine the snake’s location. Slowly step away and give the snake room to move away.
• Protect your pets - keep dogs on a leash when walking though rattlesnake habitat.

What do I do if I get bitten?

• Stay calm and don’t panic. Not all bites result in venom being injected. 25% of all rattlesnake bites are “dry” bites. Stay calm and reduce movement. Clean the wound. Remove jewellery on the affected limb.
• DO NOT apply ice or a tourniquet, and DO NOT cut or apply suction to the bite area.
• Call emergency services (911) and get to a hospital as quickly and safely as possible.

In Ontario, the West Parry Sound Health Centre operates Ontario’s Massasauga Rattlesnake Anti-venom Depot, and manages our province’s supply of anti-venom. In the event of a bite, rest assured that Ontario medical facilities are experienced in treatment and a full recovery is the normal outcome. 

Attempting to catch or harm a Massasaugais not only dangerous, but also illegal. The federal Species at Risk Act, and the provincial Endangered Species Act protect Massasaugas from being harassed, captured, killed, bought, or sold. A violation of either Act can result in a maximum fine of $250,000 and/or imprisonment for up to one year. A violation for commercial purposes increases the penalty to a maximum fine of $1,000,000.

Toronto Zoo has been working with Ontarians and providing resources and information to save these special animals for over 30 years. If you see a rattlesnake in the wild this summer, remember to give the animal some space and you should be able to enjoy that special encounter.

To unsubscribe, please send your request to ldean@torontozoo.ca.