For many amphibians, reptiles, insects and plants ephemeral or vernal wetlands are key to their survival. These wetlands differ from other wetlands because they are temporary. The formation of ephemeral wetlands relies on rainfall, snowmelt and high water tables. These pools range in size from a puddle that holds no more than 1-2 liters, to large vernal lakes covering hundreds of hectares. Significant changes in climate will greatly affect ephemeral pools because they are sensitive to climate change due to their dependency on precipitation and temperature patterns.

The animals that have adapted and rely on these special wetlands are called obligate species. Examples of obligate species that are found in Ontario are salamanders, wood frogs and fairy shrimp. One important and unique characteristic that makes these wetlands so important to many obligate organisms is that there are no fish present within the pools and this is due to the wetland's short existence. This feature allows salamanders, wood frogs and the fairy shrimp populations to thrive.

If you want to learn more about ephemeral wetlands you can visit the Ontario Vernal Pools Association website.  If you would like to know how to protect and conserve these extraordinary ecosystems just click on Wetland Guardians.

Curious about the animals that depend on these wetlands? Adopt-A-Pond has a number of resources available such as a useful amphibian identification guide that will introduce you to the frogs, newt and salamanders of Ontario. Also you can build a wetland in your own backyard by using The Urban Outback, which is a guide to wetland restoration and frog-friendly backyards. If you are interested in receiving these guides contact Adopt-A-Pond or visit our online guides today!